Cooking a turkey can feel overwhelming, especially if you are preparing it for a special occasion like Thanksgiving, Christmas, or a family gathering. One of the most important questions home cooks ask is: How long do you cook a turkey? The answer depends on the weight of the turkey, whether it’s stuffed or unstuffed, and the oven temperature you choose.
In this complete guide, you’ll discover recommended cooking times for every turkey size, plus essential tips to ensure your turkey turns out juicy, flavorful, and perfectly cooked.
How Long to Cook a Turkey? (Quick Answer)
For a whole, unstuffed turkey, roast at 325°F (163°C) for:
- 10–12 lbs: 2.75 to 3 hours
- 12–14 lbs: 3 to 3.75 hours
- 14–18 lbs: 3.75 to 4.25 hours
- 18–20 lbs: 4.25 to 4.5 hours
- 20–24 lbs: 4.5 to 5 hours
Stuffed turkeys take 30–45 minutes longer.
The turkey is safely cooked when it reaches an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C) in the thickest part of the thigh and breast.
Turkey Cooking Time Chart (Unstuffed & Stuffed)
Unstuffed Turkey Cooking Times
| Turkey Weight | Cook Time at 325°F |
|---|---|
| 8–12 lbs | 2.75–3 hours |
| 12–14 lbs | 3–3.75 hours |
| 14–18 lbs | 3.75–4.25 hours |
| 18–20 lbs | 4.25–4.5 hours |
| 20–24 lbs | 4.5–5 hours |
Stuffed Turkey Cooking Times
| Turkey Weight | Cook Time at 325°F |
|---|---|
| 8–12 lbs | 3–3.5 hours |
| 12–14 lbs | 3.5–4 hours |
| 14–18 lbs | 4–4.5 hours |
| 18–20 lbs | 4.5–5 hours |
| 20–24 lbs | 5–5.5 hours |
Stuffed turkeys always require more time because the center needs to reach the safe temperature of 165°F (74°C).
How to Know When Your Turkey Is Done
The most reliable way to tell is by using a meat thermometer.
Insert the thermometer into:
- The thickest part of the thigh
- The deepest part of the breast
- The center of the stuffing (if stuffed)
Your turkey is done when all areas reach 165°F (74°C).
Signs your turkey is done:
- Juices run clear, not pink
- Drumstick moves easily
- Skin is golden and crisp
Never rely only on color—temperature is the safest method.
Should You Cook Turkey Covered or Uncovered?
Most chefs recommend roasting turkey uncovered so the skin becomes crispy.
However, you can cover it with foil:
- During the first half of cooking
- If the skin browns too quickly
- For extra moisture
Many people tent the turkey with foil for the last 30 minutes to prevent over-browning.
Preparation Tips for a Perfect Turkey
1. Thaw the Turkey Properly
A frozen turkey needs 1 day for every 4–5 pounds to thaw in the refrigerator.
Thawing Guide
- 10 lbs: 2–2.5 days
- 15 lbs: 3–4 days
- 20 lbs: 4–5 days
Never cook a half-frozen turkey—inside will be raw and unsafe.
2. Season Generously
For the best flavor:
- Rub with butter or oil
- Season with salt, pepper, garlic, and herbs
- Add aromatics to the cavity (onion, garlic, lemon, herbs)
This enhances moisture and taste.
3. Don’t Overcook
The biggest mistake people make is cooking too long. An overcooked turkey becomes dry, especially in the breast.
To avoid dryness:
- Check temperature 30–45 minutes before recommended time
- Use a meat thermometer
- Let turkey rest after cooking
4. Let the Turkey Rest Before Carving
After removing it from the oven, rest for 20–30 minutes.
Resting allows juices to redistribute, giving you juicier meat.
How Long to Cook a Turkey at Different Temperatures
Most people roast turkey at 325°F, but here are alternative cooking temperatures:
At 300°F
- Longer cooking time
- Very tender, slower roast
“At 350°F
- Faster cooking
- Slightly crisper skin
- Reduce cook time by 10–12%
“At 375°F
- Good for small turkeys (<12 lbs)
- Dries out large turkeys easily
Avoid cooking above 400°F, as it burns the skin before the inside cooks.
How Long to Cook a 15-Pound Turkey (Example)
For a popular size like 15 lbs, cook:
- Unstuffed: 3.5 – 4 hours
- Stuffed: 4 – 4.5 hours
Check temperature 30 minutes before the minimum time.
How to Keep Turkey Moist While Cooking
1. Brining
Brining adds moisture and flavor.
- Wet brine: soak in saltwater overnight
- Dry brine: rub with salt and refrigerate 24–48 hours
2. Use butter or oil
Coat the entire turkey for crispy, golden skin.
3. Baste occasionally
Every 30–45 minutes helps maintain moisture, though some chefs skip basting to avoid heat loss.
4. Roast breast-side down for part of the time
This helps juices flow into the breast.
Stuffed vs. Unstuffed Turkey: Which Is Better?
Stuffed Turkey
- More flavorful
- Longer cooking time
- Must ensure stuffing reaches 165°F
Unstuffed Turkey
- Cooks faster
- Safer and easier
- Allows for better airflow inside bird
Most beginners find unstuffed easier and more predictable.
Frequently Asked Questions
Should I rinse my turkey?
No—rinsing spreads bacteria. Pat dry with paper towels instead.
Can I cook a turkey from frozen?
Yes, but it takes 50% longer and you cannot stuff it.
How much turkey per person?
Plan 1–1.5 lbs per person.
Can I cook turkey the day before?
Yes—reheat in the oven with broth for moisture.
Final Answer: How Long to Cook a Turkey?
Roast a turkey at 325°F (163°C) for:
- 10–12 lbs: 2.75–3 hours
- 12–14 lbs: 3–3.75 hours
- 14–18 lbs: 3.75–4.25 hours
- 18–20 lbs: 4.25–4.5 hours
- 20–24 lbs: 4.5–5 hours
Always cook until the internal temperature reaches 165°F (74°C).
With the right timing, preparation, and temperature checks, you’ll enjoy a perfectly cooked, juicy turkey every time.
